Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. It presents in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Symptoms range from skin ulcers to fever and organ damage. This condition is found mainly in the tropics and subtropics.

Leishmaniasis FAQ


What causes Leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis is caused by the Leishmania parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies.

What are the symptoms of Leishmaniasis?

Symptoms can include skin ulcers, fever, weight loss, and in severe cases, damage to the liver and spleen.

How is Leishmaniasis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made through a physical exam, laboratory tests, and identification of the parasite in samples from the affected area.

What is the treatment for Leishmaniasis?

Treatment options include medications such as Amphotericin B, Meglumine Antimoniate, and Miltefosine. The choice of medication depends on the form and severity of the disease.

Is Leishmaniasis contagious?

No, Leishmaniasis is not directly contagious from person to person. It is transmitted only through the bite of infected sandflies.

Can Leishmaniasis be prevented?

Preventive measures include avoiding sandfly bites by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and trousers, and staying in well-screened or air-conditioned accommodations.

Where is Leishmaniasis found?

Leishmaniasis is found mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with the highest concentration of cases occurring in countries in South America, East Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of southern Europe and the Middle East.

Is there a vaccine for Leishmaniasis?

There is currently no vaccine available for widespread use, but research is ongoing in this area.

Can pets transmit Leishmaniasis?

Dogs are the primary reservoir for the parasite, and they can infect sandflies, which can then transmit the disease to humans.

How long does Leishmaniasis treatment last?

The duration of treatment can vary depending on the form and severity of the disease, but it often ranges from a few weeks to several months.

Is Leishmaniasis fatal?

Visceral Leishmaniasis, if left untreated, can be fatal. However, with proper medical care, the prognosis is generally good.

Can Leishmaniasis reoccur after treatment?

There is a risk of reoccurrence, especially in areas where the disease is endemic. Close monitoring and preventive measures are important after treatment.

What should I do if I think I have Leishmaniasis?

Seek medical attention promptly, especially if you have been to or live in an area where Leishmaniasis is prevalent.

Are there any side effects of Leishmaniasis medications?

Some medications for Leishmaniasis can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and liver or kidney toxicity. It's important to discuss potential side effects with a healthcare professional.

Can Leishmaniasis affect pregnant women?

Pregnant women should take precautions to avoid exposure to sandflies, as infection with Leishmaniasis during pregnancy can have serious consequences for both the mother and the unborn child.

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Information provided by Maryam Abdullahi-Mahdi. Reviewed by Mr. Matthew Liew