Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common heart condition caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart attacks. CAD is often associated with risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.

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Coronary Artery Disease FAQ


What is coronary artery disease?

Coronary artery disease is a condition where the major blood vessels that supply the heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients become damaged or diseased.

What are the symptoms of coronary artery disease?

Common symptoms include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, heart palpitations, weakness, dizziness, and nausea.

What causes coronary artery disease?

The main cause is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This plaque narrows the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

How is coronary artery disease diagnosed?

Diagnosis may involve tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, coronary angiography, and cardiac CT scan.

What lifestyle changes can help manage coronary artery disease?

Adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress are key lifestyle changes that can help in managing coronary artery disease.

What medications are commonly used to treat coronary artery disease?

Medications may include cholesterol-lowering drugs, antiplatelet medications, beta-blockers, nitroglycerin, and others. The specific treatment plan will depend on individual circumstances.

Can coronary artery disease be prevented?

Preventive measures like maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, a balanced diet, managing stress, and controlling conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can help in reducing the risk of developing coronary artery disease.

Is coronary artery disease a life-threatening condition?

Yes, if left untreated, coronary artery disease can lead to serious complications like heart attack, heart failure, and even sudden cardiac arrest.

What are the risk factors for developing coronary artery disease?

Common risk factors include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of heart disease.

Can coronary artery disease be managed with medication alone?

In some cases, lifestyle changes and medications may be sufficient to manage symptoms and slow the progression of coronary artery disease. However, more severe cases may require surgical interventions such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.

A heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium, while high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats, is recommended for managing coronary artery disease.

Is exercise safe for individuals with coronary artery disease?

Regular, moderate exercise is generally safe and beneficial for individuals with coronary artery disease. However, it's important to consult a healthcare professional to create an appropriate exercise plan.

Can stress contribute to the worsening of coronary artery disease?

Yes, chronic stress can contribute to the progression of coronary artery disease and increase the risk of complications. Stress management techniques and relaxation methods are valuable in controlling stress levels.

What is the prognosis for individuals with coronary artery disease?

The prognosis varies depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's response to treatment. With proper management, lifestyle adjustments, and medical interventions, many individuals can lead active and fulfilling lives.

How often should individuals with coronary artery disease have medical check-ups?

Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are essential for monitoring the condition, evaluating treatment efficacy, and making any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Can people with coronary artery disease lead normal lives?

With appropriate management, including medication, lifestyle changes, and careful monitoring, many individuals with coronary artery disease can lead fulfilling and active lives, taking part in regular activities and hobbies.

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Information provided by Maryam Abdullahi-Mahdi. Reviewed by Mr. Matthew Liew