Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs. It usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. If left untreated, PID can cause serious health problems including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease FAQ


What are the common symptoms of PID?

Common symptoms of PID include pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, painful urination, pain during intercourse, and irregular menstrual bleeding.

Is PID a sexually transmitted disease?

PID is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD) itself, but it is often caused by untreated STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Can PID lead to infertility?

Yes, if left untreated, PID can cause scarring in the reproductive organs and lead to infertility.

How is PID diagnosed?

PID is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history review, pelvic ultrasound, and laboratory tests.

What complications can PID cause?

PID can lead to long-term pelvic pain, damage to the reproductive organs, ectopic pregnancy, and an increased risk of developing chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

Can PID be prevented?

Practicing safe sex, getting regular STD screenings, and seeking prompt treatment for any suspected STDs can help prevent PID.

How is PID treated?

Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. Hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases.

Can men get PID?

While men cannot get PID, they can harbor the bacteria that cause the infection, and their sexual partners can develop PID if exposed to these bacteria.

Is it safe to have sex if diagnosed with PID?

It is best to avoid sexual activity until the PID is fully treated to prevent spreading the infection and risking complications.

Can PID recur after treatment?

PID can recur if the underlying causes, such as untreated STDs or other infections, are not addressed. It's essential to follow the full treatment plan and attend follow-up appointments.

When should I seek medical help for PID?

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent pelvic pain, unusual vaginal discharge, or fever, especially if you have been at risk of exposure to STDs.

Can PID be a chronic condition?

PID can become a chronic condition if not treated promptly and effectively, leading to recurrent or persistent pelvic pain and reproductive health issues.

Is surgery ever needed to treat PID?

In severe cases of PID with abscesses or complications, surgical intervention may be required to remove damaged tissue or drain fluid buildup.

Can PID resolve on its own without treatment?

PID rarely resolves on its own and usually requires antibiotic treatment to clear the infection and prevent long-term complications.

Can PID affect pregnancy?

PID can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and preterm birth, making it crucial for women with a history of PID to receive specialized prenatal care.

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Information provided by Maryam Abdullahi-Mahdi. Reviewed by Mr. Matthew Liew