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Digoxin

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Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat various heart conditions, including chronic heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. It helps the heart beat more efficiently and regularly. By managing heart rhythm and strength, it assists adults in improving cardiovascular stability and circulation.


Ingredient
Availability
In Stock
Delivery Time
Airmail (14-21 days) | EMS trackable (5-9 days)
Product is shipped in a fully discreet envelope with no content disclosure, including all required documentation inside

Product Sheet

Active Ingredient(s)
Digoxin
Reference Brand
Lanoxin
Manufacturer
Aspen
Product Form
Tablet, Oral solution, Injection
Regulatory Classification
Rx
Primary Category
Heart Health
Product Category
Cardiac therapy, Cardiac glycosides
Pharmacological Class
Cardiac glycoside
Manufacturer Description
A heart medication used to manage irregular heartbeats and treat symptoms of heart failure.
Mechanism of Action
It strengthens the force of the heart's contractions and slows the heart rate, helping the heart pump blood more efficiently around the body.
Route of Administration
Oral
Onset Time
30 minutes to 2 hours
Duration
36-48 hours
Contraindications
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Second or third-degree heart block, Ventricular tachycardia
Severe Adverse Events
Blurred or yellow vision, Slow or irregular heartbeat, Confusion, Extreme fatigue
Common Side Effects
Dizziness, Drowsiness, Vision changes
Uncommon Side Effects
Nausea, Vomiting, Skin rash, Headache
Drug Interactions
Amiodarone, Spironolactone, Verapamil, St John's Wort
Pregnancy Safety Warnings
Can be used if prescribed by a specialist.
Age Restrictions
Suitable for all ages under specialist guidance
Storage Guidelines
Store in a dry place at room temperature.
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Digoxin FAQ

Can I travel internationally with Digoxin, and will airport security test for it?

Yes, you can travel with Digoxin, but it is advisable to carry the prescription label and a doctor's note. Airport security does not test for prescription medications, but customs may request documentation for controlled substances; Digoxin is not a controlled drug in the UK.

What should I look for on the pill to confirm I'm taking the correct Digoxin dosage?

The 0.25 mg Digoxin tablet is typically round, white, and may have a specific imprint such as “DIG 0.25.” Check the imprint against the packaging label; if uncertain, consult your pharmacist before ingestion.

Does Digoxin interact with over-the-counter herbal supplements?

Some herbal products, especially those containing St. John’s wort or ginseng, can affect digoxin metabolism or electrolyte balance, potentially increasing toxicity risk. Always disclose any supplements to your prescriber.

How does kidney function affect Digoxin dosing?

Digoxin is primarily eliminated by the kidneys; reduced renal clearance leads to higher blood levels. Patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min usually require a lower maintenance dose (often 0.125 mg daily) and more frequent TDM.

Can Digoxin be used in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Digoxin is generally not recommended for HCM because it may exacerbate outflow obstruction. Clinicians typically avoid it in this population unless clear benefit outweighs risk.

What is the difference between Digoxin and digitalis-derived medications like lanoxin?

Both are cardiac glycosides, but lanoxin (digoxin-like) has a longer half-life and is less commonly prescribed today. Digoxin remains the standard due to extensive clinical experience and availability.

Is it safe to take Digoxin while on a low-salt diet for heart failure?

A low-salt diet is encouraged in heart-failure management and does not interfere with Digoxin's action. However, extreme sodium restriction can affect blood pressure and should be balanced with physician guidance.

How quickly will I notice improvement in heart-failure symptoms after starting Digoxin?

Patients may experience symptom relief within 1-2 weeks, though maximal benefit often takes several weeks of consistent dosing and concurrent therapy adjustments.

Will Digoxin affect my cholesterol or blood sugar levels?

Digoxin has no direct impact on lipid or glucose metabolism, but indirect effects may occur if heart-failure symptoms improve, leading to lifestyle changes. Routine monitoring of cholesterol and glucose remains advisable.

Are there any special considerations for pilots or professional drivers taking Digoxin?

Regulatory bodies (e.g., CAA in the UK) require pilots to be free from conditions that could impair cognition or vision. If Digoxin causes visual disturbances or dizziness, the individual must be cleared by an aeromedical examiner before flying.

Digoxin: Heart & Blood Pressure Medication Overview

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside prescribed to manage certain heart conditions. It is available in a 0.25 mg pill formulation and is regulated as a prescription-only medicine in the United Kingdom by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

Digoxin works by influencing the electrical activity and contractility of the heart muscle, helping to control heart rate and improve pumping efficiency in patients with heart failure or atrial fibrillation.

How Digoxin Works in the Body

Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium ATPase pump on cardiac myocyte cell membranes. By reducing the pump’s activity, intracellular sodium rises, which indirectly increases calcium entry through the sodium-calcium exchanger. The higher calcium concentration enhances the force of cardiac muscle contraction (positive inotropy).

At the same time, digoxin slows conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node by increasing vagal tone, helping to control a rapid heart rate in atrial fibrillation (negative chronotropy). These combined actions make digoxin useful for both improving heart-failure symptoms and controlling ventricular response in atrial fibrillation.

Onset of therapeutic effect typically occurs within 6-12 hours, with a peak effect around 24 hours after a dose. The drug’s half-life in patients with normal kidney function is about 36-48 hours, but it can be longer in renal impairment, necessitating dose adjustments.

Conditions Treated with Digoxin

Heart Failure

  • Approved indication: Symptomatic chronic heart failure (particularly when accompanied by reduced ejection fraction) in patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal use of ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics.

Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

  • Approved indication: Rate control in permanent or persistent AF, especially when other rate-controlling agents are contraindicated or insufficient.

Both indications are recognized by the MHRA and are reflected in the UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPc) for Digoxin.

Patient Suitability and Contraindications

Who Should Use Digoxin?

  • Adults with chronic systolic heart failure who continue to have breathlessness or fatigue despite standard therapy.
  • Adults with atrial fibrillation who need additional rate control and have good sinus node function.

Absolute Contraindications

  • Known hypersensitivity to digoxin or any other cardiac glycoside.
  • Ventricular fibrillation or other uncontrolled ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
  • Advanced AV block (second- or third-degree) without a permanent pacemaker.
  • Pregnancy (Category D) - digoxin crosses the placenta and may affect the fetus; use only when clearly needed.

Relative Contraindications

  • Renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) - increased risk of toxicity; dose reduction required.
  • Electrolyte disturbances, especially low potassium (hypokalaemia) or low magnesium (hypomagnesemia), which predispose to digoxin-induced arrhythmias.
  • Thyroid disease (particularly hyperthyroidism) - may exacerbate digoxin sensitivity.
  • Elderly patients - reduced renal clearance and higher susceptibility to adverse effects.

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy/Lactation: Use only when the potential benefit outweighs risk; monitor fetal heart rate if administered.
  • Geriatric: Begin at the lower end of the dosing range and titrate cautiously.
  • Renal dysfunction: Adjust dose based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Safety Profile: Side Effects and Interactions

Common Side Effects

  • Gastrointestinal - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (often mild and transient).
  • Neurological - headache, dizziness, fatigue.
  • Visual disturbances - blurred vision, yellow-green colour perception (xanthopsia).

Serious Adverse Events

  • Cardiac arrhythmias - premature ventricular beats, atrial tachycardia with block, ventricular tachycardia, or asystole.
  • Digitalis toxicity - may present with severe nausea, vomiting, visual changes, confusion, and life-threatening arrhythmias.
  • Electrolyte-related crises - especially when hypokalaemia co-exists.

If any of these serious symptoms appear, seek immediate medical attention.

Drug Interactions

  • Amiodarone, Quinidine, Verapamil - increase digoxin serum levels by inhibiting its renal tubular secretion; dose reduction often required.
  • Diuretics (especially loop and thiazide) - may cause hypokalaemia or hypomagnesemia, heightening digoxin’s pro-arrhythmic risk.
  • Antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin, tetracycline) - can elevate digoxin concentrations.
  • Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, felodipine) - may potentiate negative chronotropic effect.
  • Anticoagulants (warfarin) - digoxin can alter INR; regular monitoring advised.

Food and Lifestyle Interactions

  • High-potassium foods (bananas, oranges) may offset digoxin’s arrhythmic potential; however, dietary potassium should be balanced in collaboration with a clinician.
  • Alcohol - excessive intake can exacerbate heart failure and may increase the risk of arrhythmias.
  • Driving - patients experiencing visual disturbances or dizziness should avoid operating vehicles until symptoms resolve.

Dosing and Administration Guidelines

Standard Dosing

  • Maintenance dose: Typically 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg once daily as a single oral pill.
  • Loading (if required): May involve higher initial doses (e.g., 0.5 mg on day 1) under close supervision; however, such regimens are administered only in a hospital setting and are not detailed here.

Special Population Adjustments

  • Renal impairment: Reduce maintenance dose to 0.125 mg once daily or less; monitor serum digoxin levels.
  • Elderly: Start at 0.125 mg once daily, titrating slowly based on clinical response and serum levels.
  • Heart failure with low ejection fraction: May require a cautious titration from 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg, guided by symptom improvement and laboratory monitoring.

Administration Tips

  • Swallow the pill whole with a full glass of water.
  • Can be taken with or without food; consistency (same timing each day) helps maintain stable blood levels.
  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and direct sunlight; keep out of reach of children.

Missed Dose

  • If a dose is missed and the next scheduled dose is more than 12 hours away, take the missed dose. Do not double the dose.

Overdose and Toxicity

  • Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, visual changes, severe arrhythmias, confusion.
  • Emergency action: Seek immediate medical care; treatment may include activated charcoal, anti-arrhythmic drugs, and in severe cases, administration of digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind®).

Discontinuation

  • Abrupt cessation can lead to rebound tachycardia in AF patients; tapering is advised under medical supervision.
  • Withdrawal may precipitate worsening heart-failure symptoms; monitor closely.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

  • Serum digoxin concentration: Check 6-8 hours after the first dose or after any dose change; therapeutic range generally 0.5-2.0 ng/mL, but many clinicians aim for the lower end (0.5-0.9 ng/mL) to minimize toxicity.
  • Renal function: Baseline serum creatinine and eGFR, then repeat every 3-6 months or as clinically indicated.
  • Electrolytes: Potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels should be monitored, especially when diuretics are co-prescribed.
  • Clinical assessment: Evaluate heart-failure symptoms (e.g., dyspnoea, edema) and heart-rate control in AF at each visit.

Storage and Handling

  • Keep the pill bottle tightly closed.
  • Store below 25 °C; avoid humid bathrooms or kitchens.
  • Do not use after the printed expiry date.
  • Dispose of unused medication via a pharmacy take-back scheme to protect the environment and prevent accidental ingestion.

Medication-Specific Glossary

Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump
An enzyme that transports sodium out of and potassium into cells, using ATP. Digoxin inhibition of this pump underlies its cardiac effects.
Digitalis toxicity
A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive digoxin levels, characterized by gastrointestinal, neurological, visual, and cardiac symptoms.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
The clinical practice of measuring drug concentrations in the blood to maintain a therapeutic range and avoid toxicity.
Serum digoxin level
The measured concentration of digoxin in the blood, used to guide dosing and assess risk of toxicity.

Medical Disclaimer

This article provides educational information about Digoxin and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Treatment decisions, including the use of Digoxin for unapproved indications, must be made under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider. The content is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical recommendations. Always consult a physician before starting, stopping, or changing any medication regimen.

Information for Digoxin is sourced from established medical standards and updated frequently. It is provided for general guidance and should be confirmed with a healthcare professional before use.
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