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Dicaris

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Dicaris (levamisole) is an anthelmintic medication used to treat a variety of parasitic worm infections. It works by paralysing the parasites, allowing the body to eliminate them naturally. Beyond its antiparasitic properties, it is sometimes used to support the immune system in specific therapeutic contexts.


Ingredient
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In Stock
Delivery Time
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Product Sheet

Active Ingredient(s)
Levamisole
Reference Brand
Levamisole
Manufacturer
Janssen Pharmaceuticals
Product Form
Tablet
Regulatory Classification
Rx
Primary Category
Deworming, Antiparasitic
Product Category
Anthelmintic
Pharmacological Class
Imidazothiazole derivative
Manufacturer Description
A medication primarily used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, particularly roundworm.
Mechanism of Action
Levamisole works by paralyzing the muscles of sensitive worms. This paralysis prevents the worms from moving or staying attached to the host's intestinal wall, allowing them to be expelled from the body naturally in the stool.
Route of Administration
Oral
Onset Time
1-2 hours
Duration
Body cleared within 24-48 hours
Contraindications
Severe liver or kidney disease, Blood disorders
Severe Adverse Events
Encephalopathy symptoms, Severe drop in white blood cell count, Seizures
Common Side Effects
Nausea, Dizziness, Abdominal pain
Uncommon Side Effects
Vomiting, Headache, Diarrhoea
Drug Interactions
Alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction), Phenytoin, Warfarin
Pregnancy Safety Warnings
Not recommended unless absolutely necessary
Age Restrictions
Dosage is weight-dependent; consult specialist
Storage Guidelines
Store below 30°C in a dry place.
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Dicaris FAQ

Can Dicaris be used for weight loss?

No. Levamisole has no documented effect on body weight or metabolism, and using it for weight loss would be unsupported and potentially unsafe.

What should I do if I develop a fever while taking Dicaris?

A fever may be an early sign of agranulocytosis. Contact a healthcare professional immediately; a complete blood count will likely be required.

Are there any visual differences between Dicaris tablets and generic Levamisole tablets?

Brand-name tablets may have a distinctive imprint or color designated by the manufacturer, while generic versions often display a different imprint. Both contain the same 50 mg of Levamisole.

Will Dicaris show up on a standard drug test for employment?

Levamisole is not typically screened for in routine workplace drug testing panels, which focus on substances of abuse. However, specialized testing could detect it if specifically requested.

Is it safe to travel internationally with Dicaris?

Yes, provided you carry the prescription label and the medication is in its original packaging. Check the destination country’s regulations regarding import of prescription drugs.

Can I crush a Dicaris pill if I have difficulty swallowing?

Crushing may alter the drug’s absorption profile. Consult a pharmacist before modifying the tablet; an alternative liquid formulation may be available.

How does Levamisole compare to albendazole for treating hookworm?

Both are antiparasitic agents, but albendazole is currently preferred in the UK due to a more favorable safety profile and broader efficacy. Levamisole is reserved for cases where other agents are unsuitable.

Does taking Dicaris affect blood sugar levels?

Levamisole does not have a direct impact on glucose metabolism, but severe infection or systemic illness could indirectly influence blood sugar control.

What are the most common reasons for discontinuing Dicaris therapy?

The primary reasons include development of severe side effects such as agranulocytosis, hypersensitivity reactions, or patient intolerance due to gastrointestinal upset.

What is Dicaris?

Dicaris is a brand-name medication that contains Levamisole as its active component. Levamisole belongs to the antiparasitic class of drugs and is supplied in a pill form, each tablet containing 50 mg of the active ingredient. In the United Kingdom, Dicaris is a prescription-only product and is regulated by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). While Levamisole was formerly approved for the treatment of certain intestinal worm infections, its use in human medicine has become limited owing to safety concerns. The medication may still be prescribed in specific clinical circumstances under specialist supervision.

How Dicaris Works in the Body

Levamisole exerts its antiparasitic effect by acting as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the neuromuscular junctions of nematodes (roundworms). Stimulation of these receptors leads to sustained muscle contraction, paralysis, and eventual expulsion of the parasite from the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition to its direct antiparasitic activity, Levamisole has been observed to modulate the immune system. It can enhance cell-mediated immunity by stimulating the activity of macrophages and natural killer cells, and by augmenting the production of certain cytokines. These immunomodulatory actions have prompted investigation of Levamisole in several off-label therapeutic areas, although robust evidence supporting routine clinical use outside antiparasitic treatment is lacking.

The onset of antiparasitic action typically occurs within a few hours after ingestion, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2-4 hours. Levamisole is moderately bioavailable when taken orally and is partially metabolised in the liver before renal excretion.

Conditions Treated by Dicaris

  • Intestinal helminth infections: Historically, Levamisole has been used to treat infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) and Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm). In the UK, it is no longer a first-line agent and is generally reserved for cases where alternative therapies are unsuitable.

  • Adjunctive immunotherapy (off-label): Limited clinical investigations have examined Levamisole as an adjunct in colorectal cancer and certain autoimmune conditions. Such uses remain experimental and are not approved by the MHRA.

Because contemporary clinical guidelines in the UK favor other anthelmintics (e.g., albendazole, mebendazole), Dicaris is prescribed only when specific clinical judgement deems it appropriate.

Evidence-Based Off-Label Uses

  • Colorectal cancer adjuvant therapy: Small randomized trials have explored Levamisole combined with 5-fluorouracil, suggesting modest improvements in disease-free survival. However, these studies are dated, and newer chemotherapeutic regimens have superseded this combination. Levamisole’s use for this indication is not approved and should be considered only within a clinical trial or specialist setting.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: Early studies indicated potential benefits of Levamisole as an immunomodulator, but subsequent research failed to demonstrate consistent efficacy, and safety concerns curtailed its adoption.

Disclaimer: Off-label use of Levamisole requires careful medical supervision, individualized risk assessment, and should be undertaken only when clinically justified.

Who Should Not Use Dicaris?

Absolute Contraindications

  • Known hypersensitivity to Levamisole or any excipients in the tablet.
  • Pre-existing severe neutropenia or agranulocytosis.
  • Pregnancy (Levamisole is classified as contraindicated due to teratogenic risk).
  • Breastfeeding (potential for drug transfer to infant).

Relative Contraindications

  • Moderate liver impairment (dose adjustment may be needed).
  • Renal dysfunction (excretion may be reduced).
  • Concurrent use of other immunosuppressive agents (increased risk of infection).
  • Elderly patients (greater susceptibility to hematologic toxicity).

Special Populations

  • Pregnancy & lactation: Levamisole crosses the placenta and is associated with fetal toxicity; it should be avoided.
  • Pediatric use: Not routinely recommended; dosing in children is weight-based and requires specialist input.
  • Geriatric patients: Close monitoring of blood counts is advised due to higher risk of agranulocytosis.

Safety Profile: Side Effects and Interactions

Common Side Effects

  • Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort (often mild and transient).
  • Dizziness or headache.
  • Skin rash or mild pruritus.

Serious Adverse Events

  • Agranulocytosis: A rare but potentially life-threatening drop in white blood cells, leading to severe infection risk.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions: Including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
  • Hepatotoxicity: Elevated liver enzymes reported in isolated cases.

Drug Interactions

  • Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Levamisole may potentiate anticoagulant effects; monitor INR closely.
  • Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, cyclosporine): Combined use can heighten infection risk.
  • CYP450 substrates: Levamisole is metabolised partly via CYP2C19; drugs that inhibit or induce this enzyme may alter Levamisole levels.

Food and Lifestyle Interactions

  • No specific food restrictions, but taking the tablet with a full glass of water and a light meal may reduce gastrointestinal irritation.
  • Alcohol consumption should be moderate; excessive intake may exacerbate nausea.
  • Patients should avoid operating heavy machinery if they experience dizziness.

General Advice: Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking before starting Dicaris.

How to Take Dicaris

  • Standard dosing: The typical adult regimen consists of a single 50 mg tablet taken orally with water. For certain helminth infections, a repeat dose may be prescribed after 14 days, depending on the organism involved.
  • Timing: Levamisole can be taken with or without food; however, a light meal may improve tolerability.
  • Special populations:
  • Renal impairment: Dose reduction may be required; follow specialist guidance.
  • Hepatic impairment: Monitor liver function tests; adjust dose if necessary.
  • Missed dose: If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is within 12 hours of the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose.
  • Overdose: Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and signs of agranulocytosis (fever, sore throat). Seek emergency medical attention; supportive care and possible administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are recommended.
  • Discontinuation: Levamisole does not typically require tapering. Stop the medication under medical advice and arrange follow-up blood tests to confirm recovery of blood counts.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

  • Complete blood count (CBC): Baseline and repeat CBCs (typically weekly for the first 2-3 weeks) are essential to detect early neutropenia.
  • Liver function tests: Periodic monitoring in patients with known hepatic disease.
  • Clinical review: Patients should report any signs of infection (fever, sore throat) promptly, as these may herald agranulocytosis.
  • Efficacy assessment: Stool examinations may be performed 2-4 weeks after treatment to confirm eradication of the parasite.

Storage and Handling

  • Store Dicaris tablets at room temperature (15-25 °C), away from excess moisture and direct sunlight.
  • Keep the container tightly closed and out of reach of children.
  • Do not use the medication after the expiry date printed on the pack.
  • Unused tablets should be disposed of according to local pharmacy take-back schemes or as per MHRA guidelines for safe drug disposal.

Medication-Specific Glossary

Agranulocytosis
A severe reduction in neutrophil count, leading to markedly increased susceptibility to infections.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
A protein channel on nematode muscle cells that, when activated by Levamisole, causes sustained contraction and paralysis.
Immunomodulation
The alteration of the immune system’s activity, which can enhance or suppress immune responses; Levamisole exhibits mild stimulatory effects on certain immune cells.

Medical Disclaimer

This article provides educational information about Dicaris and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Treatment decisions, including use for unapproved indications, must be made under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider. The content is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical recommendations. Always consult a physician before starting, stopping, or changing any medication regimen.

Information for Dicaris is sourced from established medical standards and updated frequently. It is provided for general guidance and should be confirmed with a healthcare professional before use.
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