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Clomipramine

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Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms of depression. It helps restore the balance of certain natural chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, assisting adults in managing persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviours.


Ingredient
Availability
In Stock
Delivery Time
Airmail (14-21 days) | EMS trackable (5-9 days)
Product is shipped in a fully discreet envelope with no content disclosure, including all required documentation inside

Product Sheet

Active Ingredient(s)
Clomipramine
Reference Brand
Anafranil
Product Form
Capsules, Tablets
Regulatory Classification
Rx
Primary Category
Antidepressant, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Product Category
Antidepressants, Non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors
Pharmacological Class
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Manufacturer Description
A tricyclic antidepressant primarily used for OCD and resistant depression.
Mechanism of Action
Clomipramine increases the levels of chemical messengers (serotonin and noradrenaline) in the brain. For OCD, it is particularly effective because of its strong influence on serotonin, helping to reduce repetitive thoughts and behaviours.
Route of Administration
Oral
Onset Time
2-4 weeks
Duration
12-24 hours
Contraindications
Recent heart attack, Heart block, Severe liver disease, Manic phase, Glaucoma
Severe Adverse Events
Seizures, Urinary retention, Suicidal thoughts, Irregular heartbeat
Common Side Effects
Dry mouth, Constipation, Blurred vision
Uncommon Side Effects
Weight gain, Sexual dysfunction, Increased sweating
Drug Interactions
MAOIs, SSRIs, Adrenaline, Alcohol
Pregnancy Safety Warnings
Not recommended unless necessary; risk of neonatal withdrawal symptoms.
Age Restrictions
Adults and children over 5 years (for OCD only)
Storage Guidelines
Store at room temperature.
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Clomipramine FAQ

Can I travel internationally with clomipramine tablets?

Yes, you may travel with clomipramine, but keep the medication in its original packaging with the prescription label visible. Carry a copy of the prescription and a letter from your doctor if you are crossing borders, as some countries require documentation for psychotropic medicines.

What do clomipramine tablets look like?

In the UK, the 10 mg tablets are typically white, the 25 mg tablets are blue, and the 50 mg tablets are pink. Imprint codes vary by manufacturer, so check the packaging for specific markings.

Will clomipramine show up on a drug test for work or sport?

Clomipramine is not a controlled substance and is not screened for in standard workplace or sports drug tests. However, some specialized panels may detect tricyclic antidepressants if specifically requested.

Is clomipramine safe for pilots or drivers?

Because clomipramine can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and visual disturbances, individuals who operate aircraft, heavy machinery, or drive professionally should avoid these activities until they know how the medication affects them. Guidance from a occupational health specialist is advisable.

How does clomipramine differ from selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

Clomipramine blocks the re-uptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and has stronger anticholinergic and antihistamine effects, whereas SSRIs selectively increase serotonin and generally have fewer sedating side effects.

What was the first major clinical trial that established clomipramine for OCD?

A landmark double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the early 1980s demonstrated that clomipramine significantly reduced Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores compared with placebo, leading to its approval for OCD treatment.

Can I switch from an SSRI to clomipramine without a washout period?

No. A minimum 14-day washout is required when switching from an SSRI or another serotonergic agent to clomipramine to avoid the risk of serotonin syndrome.

Are there any known price differences for clomipramine across Europe?

Generic clomipramine is generally inexpensive, but pricing can vary due to national reimbursement policies, pharmacy mark-ups, and bulk purchasing agreements. In the UK, it is often listed on the NHS drug tariff.

What should I do if I experience severe constipation on clomipramine?

Increase dietary fiber, hydrate adequately, and consider a mild laxative after consulting your pharmacist or doctor. Persistent constipation should be reported promptly, as it may indicate anticholinergic excess.

Is there any risk of developing tolerance to clomipramine’s effects?

Tolerance to the antidepressant effect is uncommon, but patients may become accustomed to certain side effects (e.g., drowsiness). If efficacy wanes, a dosage adjustment or medication review with a prescriber is recommended.

Clomipramine: Generic Medication Overview

Clomipramine is an antidepressant belonging to the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) class. It is available in pill form in strengths of 10 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg. In the United Kingdom, clomipramine is a prescription-only medicine (POM) and is marketed under several brand names, the most common being Anafranil. The medication is regulated by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

How Clomipramine Works in the Body

Clomipramine acts primarily by inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. By keeping more of these chemicals in the synaptic cleft, it helps to improve mood, reduce anxiety, and lessen compulsive thoughts.

Key pharmacologic features include:

  • Serotonin re-uptake inhibition - the strongest effect of clomipramine, which underlies its efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Norepinephrine re-uptake inhibition - contributes to antidepressant activity.
  • Anticholinergic properties - block acetylcholine receptors, leading to some of the common side effects such as dry mouth.
  • Antihistaminic activity - can cause sedation, especially at the start of therapy.

The drug reaches therapeutic levels within a few days, but the full clinical effect may take 4-6 weeks because of downstream neural adaptations.

Conditions Treated by Clomipramine

Clomipramine is approved by the MHRA for the following indications:

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - the most widely recognised use, particularly when first-line selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are insufficient.
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - prescribed when other antidepressants are not tolerated or ineffective.

Both indications are based on robust clinical trial data demonstrating significant symptom reduction.

Evidence-Based Off-Label Uses

Clomipramine has been explored for several off-label purposes. The evidence varies in strength, and none of these uses are approved by the MHRA.

  • Premature Ejaculation - small trials suggest benefit, but the data are limited to short-term studies.
  • Chronic Pain Syndromes (e.g., neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia) - observational reports note analgesic effects, yet high-quality randomized trials are lacking.
  • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - some case series report improvement, but larger controlled studies are needed.

Disclaimer: Off-label use requires medical supervision and an individualized risk-benefit assessment.

Evaluating Clomipramine for Your Health Profile

Absolute Contraindications

  • Known hypersensitivity to clomipramine or any other TCA.
  • Recent myocardial infarction or severe cardiac disease (e.g., unstable angina, recent heart failure).
  • Concomitant use of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or MAOI use within the past 14 days.
  • Angle-closure glaucoma, severe urinary retention, or prostatic hypertrophy.
  • Pheochromocytoma.

Relative Contraindications & Special Populations

  • Elderly patients - increased sensitivity to anticholinergic and sedative effects; start at 10 mg daily.
  • Hepatic impairment - reduced clearance; lower starting dose and slower titration recommended.
  • Renal impairment - dose adjustment may be needed for severe dysfunction.
  • Pregnancy - class C; data suggest potential risk of fetal cardiac malformations, especially in the first trimester. Use only if benefits outweigh risks.
  • Breast-feeding - clomipramine is excreted in milk; caution advised.
  • Children and adolescents - not licensed for use under 18 years for OCD or depression in the UK.

Safety Profile: Side Effects and Interactions

Common Side Effects

  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Drowsiness or fatigue
  • Increased sweating
  • Weight gain
  • Blurred vision
  • Sexual dysfunction (decreased libido, delayed ejaculation)

These effects are usually mild to moderate and often improve with continued therapy or dose adjustment.

Serious Adverse Events

  • Cardiac arrhythmias (including QT prolongation) - risk heightened in patients with pre-existing heart disease.
  • Seizures - especially at higher doses or in those with seizure disorders.
  • Serotonin syndrome - when combined with other serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, triptans).
  • Suicidal ideation - may increase during the initial weeks of treatment, particularly in younger adults.
  • Severe orthostatic hypotension - may cause dizziness or fainting.

If any of these occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Drug Interactions

  • MAO inhibitors - contraindicated; can precipitate hypertensive crisis or serotonin syndrome.
  • Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), SNRIs, tramadol, linezolid, St. John’s wort - increase risk of serotonin syndrome.
  • CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine) - raise clomipramine plasma levels, potentially intensifying side effects.
  • Other TCAs or drugs that prolong QT interval (e.g., sotalol, erythromycin) - additive cardiac risk.
  • CNS depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines) - may enhance sedation and impair coordination.

Food and Lifestyle Interactions

  • Alcohol - should be limited, as it can intensify drowsiness and increase cardiotoxic risk.
  • Driving or operating machinery - avoid until you know how clomipramine affects your alertness.
  • Cigarette smoking - can induce certain liver enzymes, possibly reducing drug levels; discuss with your prescriber if you smoke.

How to Take Clomipramine

  • Initial dose: 10 mg once daily, preferably in the evening to minimise daytime drowsiness.
  • Titration: Increase by 10-25 mg increments every 1-2 weeks, based on tolerability and therapeutic response. Typical maintenance doses range from 25 mg to 250 mg daily, using the available 10 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg tablets as needed.
  • Maximum dose: Generally 250 mg per day, but higher doses are rarely required and increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
  • Special populations:
  • Elderly: start at 10 mg and increase slowly; monitor for anticholinergic effects.
  • Hepatic impairment: consider a maximum of 100 mg per day and adjust based on liver function tests.
  • Administration: Swallow tablets whole with a glass of water; they may be taken with or without food.
  • Missed dose: Take the missed tablet as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose-do not double up.
  • Overdose: Symptoms can include cardiac arrhythmias, severe hypotension, seizures, and coma. Call emergency services (999 in the UK) immediately; treatment is supportive and may involve activated charcoal and cardiac monitoring.
  • Discontinuation: Do not stop abruptly. Gradual tapering (e.g., 10 mg reduction every 1-2 weeks) reduces the risk of withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, headache, and anxiety.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

  • Baseline ECG before starting therapy, especially in patients with cardiac risk factors.
  • Blood pressure and heart rate checks at each visit during dose titration.
  • Liver function tests if hepatic disease is present or if high doses are used.
  • Mental health assessment within the first few weeks to monitor for emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts.
  • Periodic evaluation of side effects; dose adjustments may be needed based on tolerability.

Regular follow-up appointments with your prescriber or mental-health professional are essential to ensure optimal benefit and safety.

Storage and Handling

  • Store tablets at room temperature (below 25 °C), protected from light and moisture.
  • Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.
  • Do not use after the expiry date printed on the pack.
  • If a tablet becomes damaged or discoloured, discard it and obtain a fresh supply.

Medication-Specific Glossary

Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibition
The process by which clomipramine blocks the re-absorption of serotonin into nerve cells, increasing its availability in the brain.
Anticholinergic Effect
Blocking of acetylcholine receptors, leading to side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation.
QT Prolongation
An elongation of the heart’s electrical repolarisation period, which can predispose to arrhythmias; monitoring is advised with clomipramine.
Titration
Gradual adjustment of the medication dose to find the optimal balance between efficacy and tolerability.
Serotonin Syndrome
A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity, characterised by agitation, hyperthermia, tremor, and autonomic instability.

Medical Disclaimer

This article provides educational information about clomipramine and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Treatment decisions, including the use of clomipramine for unapproved indications, must be made under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider. The content is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical recommendations. Always consult a physician before starting, stopping, or changing any medication regimen.

Information for Clomipramine is sourced from established medical standards and updated frequently. It is provided for general guidance and should be confirmed with a healthcare professional before use.
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